how to pronounce by

/ˈbaɪ/

audio example by a male speaker

audio example by a female speaker

the above transcription of by is a detailed (narrow) transcription according to the rules of the International Phonetic Association; you can find a description of each symbol by clicking the phoneme buttons in the secction below.

by is pronounced in one syllable

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1. example pitch curve for pronunciation of by

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video examples of by pronunciation

An example use of by in a speech by a native speaker of american english:

“… why doesn't the u.s by and large use the …”

meanings of by

preposition:

Following a passive verb.
Near or next to.
Indicates a means of classification or organisation.
Indicates the creator of a work: Existing through the authorship etc. of.
At, with, among.
In the formulae X by X and by Xs, indicates a steady progression, one X after another.
Indicates a referenced source: According to.
Indicates the amount of change, difference or discrepancy.
Not later than (the given time); not later than the end of (the given time interval).
Per; with or in proportion to each.
Indicates a means of achieving something: Involving/using the means of.
Following an adjective.
Indicates an authority according to which something is done.
Invokes an authority in an oath.
Acted on in units of the specified size or measure. (Sometimes hyperbolically).
Indicates the person or thing that does or causes something: Through the action or presence of.
Used to separate dimensions when describing the size of something.
Following a noun.
Designates a horse's male parent (sire); cf. out of.
From one side of something to the other, passing close by; past.

adverb:

In the vicinity, near.
To or at a place, as a residence or place of business.
Aside, away.
Along a path which runs past the speaker.

adjective:

Out of the way, subsidiary.

noun:

Alternative form of bye.

interjection:

Alternative spelling of bye.

by frequency in english - A1 level of CEFR

the word by occurs in english on average 3215 times per one million words; this frequency warrants it to be in the study list for A1 level of language mastery according to CEFR, the Common European Framework of Reference.

topics by can be related to

it is hard to perfectly classify words into specific topics since each word can have many context of its use, but our machine-learning models believe that by can be often used in the following areas:

1) business and work;

2) communication, information, and media;

3) people, society, and culture;